Parts of a Yurt: If you’re wondering how a yurt is made or want to build one, this guide covers all parts three pieces of a yurt. Learn what each component does from the lattice walls to the roof wheel and why they’re important for a sturdy and functional structure.
Quick Facts
- A yurt is made up of key parts like the roof wheel, roof poles and lattice walls that provide stability and cultural significance.
- The roof wheel is crucial for load distribution so the yurt can withstand the weather while keeping its shape.
- Yurt customization and portability makes them functional, you can tailor your living experience and move your home as needed.
Yurt Structure
To really appreciate the yurt, you need to understand its structure. A yurt is made up of a lattice of flexible poles and fabric, a perfect blend of strength and flexibility. The main parts of a yurt – canvas, roof poles and lattice slats – each play a vital role in the structure’s integrity.
The components work against each other to keep the shape and stability of the yurt. This delicate balance is what makes yurts strong and adaptable to any weather condition.
The roof wheel or toono is the central element that connects the earth to the sky, symbolizing the yurt’s deep cultural roots and making it structurally sound. Usually made from durable materials like Siberian Pine, the toono and door are designed to last.
The design of mongolian yurts have been perfected over thousands of years, so an enduring and efficient structure. Each part, from the yurt walls (khana) to the roof poles, contributes to a functional and culturally significant home.
Knowing these parts of a yurt gives you a solid base to appreciate the craftsmanship and thoughtfulness that goes into making a traditional yurts or modern yurt.
The Roof Wheel (Crown Wheel)
The roof wheel or crown wheel is the most critical part of the yurt’s construction. It’s designed to distribute the load from the roof poles so the yurt can withstand the weight. This is very important to prevent the yurt from collapsing under heavy snow or wind.
Traditionally made from wood, the roof wheel emphasizes the use of natural materials in yurt construction. In many cultures, the roof wheel symbolizes the connection between the sky and the earth, it reflects the spiritual significance of yurts.
Modern yurts often have enhanced design for the roof wheel to make it more durable and easy to assemble.
Its round, circular shape, allows the yurt to withstand any weather condition, strong winds and heavy rain. It also plays a vital role in keeping the corners of the yurt round, which is essential for its overall stability. The roof wheel is not only a structural necessity but also a beautiful representation of the yurt’s harmony.
Roof Poles and Supporting Poles
Roof poles and supporting ground poles are essential for maintaining the yurt’s shape and supporting the roof. Usually made from larch, these poles are durable and can withstand high winds and harsh conditions. With a standard length of approximately 8.5 feet (2.6 meters), the roof ribs provide enough coverage and support.
Roof rafters are attached to the corners of the yurt’s crown with tenon joints which gives stability and snug fit. Made from two rings of plywood and 1×3, the roof ring provides strong support to the poles. Mortises with holes for roof poles are drilled holes at a specific angle to accommodate the roof’s slope, so a precise and secure connection.
Connecting the roof poles to the walls with nylon cord keeps the entire yurt structure stable and strong. The tapered tips of two sections the roof poles allows for adjustment in the Tono, so a tight fit and reinforces the yurt’s structure.
Yurt Walls (Khana)
Yurt walls or khana are made from wooden lattice framework that provides flexibility and support. Mainly made from Larch wood, the vertical slats are connected at their intersections with durable ties which reinforces the yurt’s structure. This built-in redundancy ensures the yurt walls are both stable and strong.
Adding windows to the walls can greatly improve visibility and light inside the yurt, making the overall living experience better. Extra doors and windows also allows for better access, ventilation and natural light, making the yurt more comfortable and functional.
When assembling the khana, do not interlace or weave the pieces to ensure a proper structure.Usually covered with felt from domesticated sheep, goats or yaks, the walls provides insulation and protection from the elements.
With a standard height of 54 inches, the walls maintains the structure’s integrity and usability. This thoughtful design ensures that one end of the yurt is a stable and comfortable home for its occupants.
Door Frame
The door frame ties the middle of the wall sections together and is the entrance. It is square and consists of several parts, the threshold, two uprights and a lintel. Building the door frame from durable material makes it more durable and functional.
The door frame can be assembled from a wooden frame made of planks that matches the specified door opening dimensions. Usually this involves two pieces of 2×4 that are 6 feet long and two that are 3 feet and half as long. Adding a curved lintel to the top edge the door frame design provides extra headroom and generally makes the yurt more beautiful.
Screwing the door frame to the wall lattice adds strength and stability. Metal hinges can replace half the leather ones to make the door frame stronger. A tension band, usually 12 inches wide, connects the door frame to the trellis horns, keeps the yurt structure intact.
Tension Band
The tension band is crucial in yurt construction, keeps the roof rafters in place and prevent the trellis from pushing outwards. This maintains the overall circumference and stability of whole structure of the yurt, prevent roof collapse.
The materials used for the yurt size tension band can vary. Materials can be canvas, rope or plastic-coated cable. A heavy-duty strap with 3,000 lbs breaking strain is often used, so the yurt is secure in bad weather.
A rope can temporarily check the fit of and around the yurt and tent frame during assembly.
Outer Covers and Roof Canvas
Outer covers and roof canvas protects the yurt from the elements. These covers are made from durable and weather-resistant materials like canvas, polyester or specialized waterproof fabrics. Waterproof coatings makes the outer cover water resistant while allowing moisture to escape, prevents mold growth.
Rain and snow shields are important to prevent water accumulation and direct moisture away from the yurt’s structure. Ventilation feature in some yurt covers maintains air circulation and prevent moisture buildup inside.
A polycarbonate roof dome retains heat during cold nights while allowing warm air to escape, makes the living space comfortable. A rain cover can also adds protection from the elements.Yurt covers can be customized in size, color and material to fit different aesthetic and climate needs.
This customization allows for personal touch, makes each traditional yurt unique and suited to its environment.
Insulation Layers
Insulation is important for yurt comfort, especially in different climates. Yurt insulation typically consists of Mongolian sheep’s wool felt, can be supplemented by additional layers based on climate.
Standard insulation material for yurts is Mongolian sheep’s wool felt, it has high thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity.
Modern yurts often have waterproof canvas or vinyl insulation, maintains good thermal resistance and helps regulate temperature. Thickness of traditional sheep’s wool insulation panels is usually 50 mm. Choose insulation material and thickness based on local climate for comfort and energy efficiency.
The Platform
The yurt platform provides stability and keeps the interior of the structure dry. Built on a leveled substructure, the platform prevents moisture from entering the yurt and enhances overall energy efficiency. Install the yurt platform on a well-leveled substructure, preferably a circular platform on an elevated base.
Classic yurt platforms are made of insulated tongue-and-groove layers of styrofoam and plywood, provides excellent insulation and stability. Weather treatment options for yurt platforms are Thompson seal varnish and two layers of high quality latex varnish, makes it durable and weather resistant.
For short term use, half the yurt can be placed directly on the ground, but not recommended for long term use. Design the platform to suit different environments, including elevated and insulated floor options, so the yurt remains a comfortable and durable home.
Accessories and Customization
One of the joys of owning a yurt is the ability to customize it to fit your needs and preferences. Customization options are toono design, extra windows and additional doors. These customizations makes it more functional and beautiful, yours.
Factors to consider on customization are the intended use, duration of living, budget and personal preferences. Accessories like wood stove can extends the camping season by providing warmth and cooking means. Mosquito netting improves ventilation, curtains creates private section within the yurt.
Simple accessories like S-hooks can be used to hang items, adds to the yurt’s convenience and functionality.
Setting Up the Yurt
Setting up a yurt is fun and rewarding, especially as it comes together. Larger yurts like 40ft yurt may take 5-7 days to set up with 6-7 people and a machine to lift the fabric. Two people can set up a yurt but at least 3 is more manageable.
During setup, scaffolding is essential for larger yurts due to the weight and length of the rafters. Rafters are critical and must be inserted with care to ensure the yurt’s stability. Drill holes in the roof ring to facilitate proper installation and nails in the top of the support to secure the connections.
Most yurts have 3-5 layers of insulation, can be increased in winter for better thermal efficiency. Adding a second layer of insulation makes it warmer in cold conditions, so you’ll have a comfortable living space. With the right tools and teamwork, setting up a yurt is smooth and enjoyable.
Packing and Transporting Your Yurt
One of the advantages of yurts is its portability, can be packed and transported to different locations. The door frame is designed for easy disassembly, so transportation is made easy. When transporting a yurt, pack the canvas, roof ring and a bag with contents inside the car for safe and organized transport.
Wrap and tie down the bottom edge of khana securely when tying it onto a roof rack. Place the khana with bolt heads facing down in the second layer when packing the roof rack, one layer per wall section. For the first layer, stand the rafters on their edges, about 3 inches high.
Following these packing and transporting tips will keep your yurt intact and ready to reassemble at your new location. Yurt owners can move their home to different environments whether for seasonal changes or new adventures.
Conclusion
In summary, knowing the parts of a yurt and their function is essential to appreciate the craftsmanship and cultural significance of these unique homes. From the robust roof wheel to the intricate lattice walls, each piece plays a vital role in creating a sturdy and comfortable living space.
The ability to customize and accessorize a yurt makes it a modern and versatile option.Whether you are drawn to the traditional yurts of Mongolian nomads or the modern versions for modern use, yurts offer a unique combination of portability, durability and comfort.
Follow the guidelines for construction, setup and transportation and you can have your own cozy, circular home and enjoy the timeless charm of yurt living.
If you would like to read more about yurt, check the following links:
FAQ
What is the khana made of?
Yurt walls (khana) is made of a wooden lattice framework, often using Larch wood for its flexibility and strength. This combination provides durability and structural support.
How long to set up a yurt?
Setting up a yurt takes a few hours to several days, depending on the yurt size and number of people involved; 40ft. square footage of yurt may take 5-7 days with 6-7 people.
What is the tension band for?
Tension band is essential to ensure the stability of a yurt, securing the roof rafters and preventing them from pushing the other end of the trellis outward. This top band keeps the roof felt the yurt in shape and structurally sound.
Can you customize a yurt?
Yes, you can customize a yurt with various options: toono designs, extra windows and doors, wood stoves and mosquito netting. You can tailor it to your needs and preferences.
How to transport a yurt?
A yurt is transported by disassembling its parts, packing the canvas and roof ring inside a car and securing the khana and rafters on a roof rack. This is the safest and most efficient way.
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