Introduction
A ger in Mongolia is more than just a house; it is a reflection of Mongolian nomads’ deep connection to their land, heritage, and traditions.
Known in some parts of Central Asia as a yurt, the Mongolian ger has been a cornerstone of nomadic life for centuries.
Its portable, yet sturdy structure allows nomadic families to move freely across the country and the vast steppes of Mongolia, following their herds and embracing the challenges of the nomadic lifestyle.
In this article, we explore the history, structure, significance, and modern use of the Mongolian traditional ger, including how it has adapted to contemporary life while still preserving its ancient customs.
What is a Ger in Mongolia?
A ger in Mongolia is a traditional dwelling that has been used by Mongolian nomads for over half a thousand years. I
t is a round, portable tent designed to withstand the extreme weather conditions of Mongolia, eastern Russia, and other parts of Central Asia. Unlike regular tents, the ger consists of a complex structure that ensures both durability and comfort.
The first written description of the Mongolian ger dates back to the time of the Mongol Empire, when travelers noted its distinctive feature—a felt-covered, conical roof supported by roof poles and lattice walls.
This ancient custom of using a ger in Mongolia remains largely unchanged, proving its efficiency in providing shelter.
What is a Mongolian Ger Made Of?
The Mongolian traditional ger is ingeniously designed and consists of several key components:
1. Lattice Walls (Khana)
The walls of the ger are made from flexible wooden lattice, allowing it to be dismantled and reassembled with ease.
These lattice walls form the circular base of the ger and provide the necessary support for the roof poles.
2. Roof Poles (Uni) and Roof Ring (Toono)
The roof of the ger is supported by roof poles, which extend from the walls to the roof ring—the circular opening at the top.
The roof ring serves as a natural ventilation system, allowing smoke from the fire in the central stove to escape while letting in natural light.
3. Felt Cover (Deever)
The felt cover is one of the most important elements of the Mongolian ger. Made from compressed sheep’s wool, this thick layer provides insulation against both freezing winters and scorching summers.
The felt is secured with ropes, ensuring it remains intact even in strong winds.
4. Wooden Floor and Door Frame
Some gers have a wooden floor, while others are placed directly on the ground. The door frame is a wood typically painted with intricate designs and always faces south—a traditional practice meant to invite warmth and good fortune.
The Nomadic Lifestyle and the Role of the Ger
For Mongolian nomads, the ger is much more than a house—it is a living space, a family gathering place, and a cultural symbol.
The nomadic lifestyle revolves around herding animals such as horses, yaks, and camels, making a portable dwelling like the ger essential.
Inside the ger, there is a strict customary arrangement:
- The left side is reserved for women, where cooking utensils and household items are kept.
- The right side is for men, with tools, saddles, and hunting equipment.
- The central stove is the heart of the ger, providing heat and serving as the primary cooking area.
- Pillars supporting the roof ring are considered sacred, and it is bad luck to lean against them.
This traditional house setup reflects Mongolian customs, reinforcing respect for family structure and cultural values.
Ger Camps in Mongolia
Today, tourist ger camps have become a popular attraction in Mongolia.
These ger camps offer visitors the chance to experience nomadic life firsthand, staying in a Mongolian ger while exploring breathtaking landscapes like the Gobi Desert and the steppes.
What to Expect in a Ger Camp
- Authentic Accommodation: Stay in a traditional Mongolian ger with a felt cover and wood-burning stove.
- Mongolian Food: Enjoy hearty dishes like buuz (steamed dumplings) and suutei tsai (salted milk tea).
- Cultural Activities: Horseback riding, archery and learning about nomadic life.
- Scenic Locations: Many ger camps are based in beautiful locations such as Khustai National Park where you can see the wild horses of Mongolia.
First Mention of the Ger
The first written description of the ger was during the time of Genghis Khan. Historical records say that the Mongol ger was a perfect home for warriors and travelers. These early writings highlight the ger’s durability and unique features that have remained the same for centuries.
Modern Use of the Mongolian Ger
While Mongolia is urbanizing fast, the ger is an integral part of the culture. In Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, there are big ger communities alongside modern buildings. Many Mongolians prefer to live in a ger even in the city due to its affordability and traditional significance.
Gers in the 21st Century
- City Gers: Many residents in Ulaanbaatar still live in gers and create unique communities within the city.
- Eco-Friendly: The ger is considered an eco-friendly home due to its portability and use of natural materials.
- Global Influence: The design of the Mongolian ger has inspired modern architecture worldwide.
Conclusion
The ger in Mongolia is more than a tent – it’s a symbol of nomadic heritage, adaptability and cultural pride. Whether in the remote steppes, the Gobi Desert or tourist ger camps, the Mongolian traditional ger is the spirit of Mongolia.Past meets present
If you would like to explore more about ger, check the following links:
- What Is Inside In A Yurt: A Look At Mongolian Yurts
- Mongolia Ger Camp: A Unique Stay in the Land of Nomads
- Best Sites for Camping in Mongolia
- Teepee Mongolia: The Mysterious and Traditional Dwellings of the Central Asian Steppes
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Winter Activities to do near Ulaanbaatar during winter
Why Mongolia is One of the Best Drives in the World
Iceland vs. Mongolia
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Horse Riding Mongolia: 1 day trip in Terelj National Park
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